Apple fruit cultivation corr between size and quality parameters
A test was conducted in 2004 to determine the corr between fruit cultivation size and other fruit quality parameters to determine whether small size is associated with poor apple quality
apple fruit variety and correlation
The correlation test was conducted in two commercial orchards near the town of Scarelle in the center of the Valsugana Valley in the Trentino-Alto Adige region
Trees of Golden Delicious (Clone B) and Red Chief (Malus Domestica Borkh
) cultivars were grown under heavy and standard load conditions
Half of the trees of each variety were hand-thinned to produce a high yield of about eight fruits per square centimeter TCSA, and the other half were thinned to produce a standard yield of about six fruits per square centimeter TCSA
At harvest, fruits were counted and fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity were recorded
Correlation and regression analyzes were also performed to determine relationships between fruit quality parameters
Fruit size and weight in cultivated trees of all varieties were lower than in standard trees
On the other hand, TSS content and pulp strength were higher in heavily planted trees
For both varieties and at both loading levels, there was a slightly negative correlation between fruit size and TSS content and a more negative correlation between fruit weight and pulp firmness
The only strong positive correlation found was between fetal size and fetal weight
All parameters evaluated in this study were weakly correlated with each other, except for size and weight
Fruits of intensively cultivated trees were smaller, denser and had higher TSS content, indicating that a modest increase in crop stress does not affect fruit quality
Apple tree (Malus domestica), a domesticated tree and fruit of the rose family (Rosaceae), one of the most cultivated fruit trees
Apples are grown primarily for fresh sale, although apples are also used commercially to make vinegar, juice, jelly, applesauce and apple butter, and canned as pie crust
A significant portion of the world’s harvest is also used to produce cider, wine and brandy
Fresh apples are eaten raw or boiled
There are many ways to use poached apples; Often used as a pastry topping, apple pie is definitely the quintessential American dessert
Especially in Europe, baked apples usually accompany sausage or pork dishes
Apples contain vitamins A and C, are rich in carbohydrates and are an excellent source of dietary fiber
History and Domestication apple fruit
Malus species are native to the temperate zones of both hemispheres
The cultivated apple tree is believed to have been domesticated from the wild apple tree M
sieversii in the Tien Shan Mountains of Central Asia about 4,000–10,000 years ago
From there, it spread to Western Europe along the Silk Road and interbred with a number of wild crabs, including M
baccata from Siberia, M
orientalis from the Caucasus, and M
sylvestris, a major secondary genetic factor, from parts of other parts of Europe
Over the centuries, the best selection has been made and individual varieties have been known for more than 2000 years
Before the founding of America, hundreds of varieties were known in Europe
As the wave of colonial settlement moved into North America, it was accompanied by the spread of seedling apple varieties, first by Native Americans and trappers, then by settlers and wanderers who became local legends, most famously Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman)
a professional nursery that has grown apple trees on a large scale in Ohio and Indiana
In the first quarter of the 21st century, China, the United States and Turkey were the largest producers of apples
Physical Description Apple blossom Generally, apple trees are small trees, and some varieties can be grafted onto undersized or semi-dwarf rootstocks to produce smaller, less vigorous plants
If not pruned, a tree grown from standard rootstocks (saplings) often reaches a height of 9 meters (30 ft) with an equally large crown diameter
The bark is usually brown and scaly
The simple leaves are roughly oval in shape and usually have finely toothed margins
Apple blossoms are distinguished by five white petals, often tinged with pink, and numerous stamens
The flowers are pollinated by bees and other insects, and most species require cross-pollination for fertilization
Apples The apple itself is a fleshy (dense) fruit, with the ripe ovary and surrounding tissue becoming fleshy and edible
Harvested apples are usually round, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) in diameter, and have a tinge of red, green, or yellow; they vary in size, shape and acidity depending on the variety, of which there are thousands
Apple cultivars fall into three broad classes: (1) cider cultivars, (2) culinary cultivars, and (3) dessert cultivars, which vary widely but tend to emphasize color, size, flavor, smoothness, and possibly astringency and color
Many varieties are relatively high in sugar, only slightly acidic and very low in tannin
In the United States, popular candy varieties include Honeycrisp, Red Delicious, Gala, Granny Smith, and Golden Delicious
Apple cultivars that ripen in late summer generally have a poor shelf life, while late ripening apple cultivars can last up to a year
For long-term storage, a temperature just above the freezing point of the fruit is usually desirable
Apples can also be stored under an inert gas or controlled atmosphere
apple fruit cultivation
Since the apple tree needs a significant dormant period, it grows well in places with a clear winter period, usually from 30° to 60°, in the north and south
In the north, apple tree growth is limited by low winter temperatures and a short growing season
The soils on which apple trees grow must be well-drained; fertilizers can be used if yields are not high enough
Hilltops or steep hilltops are best suited because they provide “air drainage”, allowing cooler, heavier air to flow into the valley below on cold spring nights when young flowers or fruits can be killed by exposure to the cold
Seedlings of the desired varieties are usually grafted onto viable tree trunks at about 18 months of age; Planting a garden will follow in a year or two
Six to eight years before significant apple production is achieved, management may only include protection from competing vegetation and pests
However, careful attention must be paid to pruning, especially during the first five years, so that the main branches of the line are well distributed along the trunk and do not allow the development of weak grits, which can be broken under heavy fruits
loads
On mature trees, heavy spraying should continue to control insect pests and diseases and possibly delay spring development, thin out young fruit, and minimize the point of mature fruit drop
